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Flammability Testing of Materials used in Construction, Transport and Mining
Product Code: FTMCTM
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Flammability Testing of Materials used in Construction, Transport and Mining
Woodhead Publishing, 2006
By V Apte
It begins by defining flammability and the main types of test available. Building on this foundation, a group of chapters then reviews tests for key materials used in buildings and their contents. There are chapters on wood, external cladding and sandwich panels as well the flammability of walls and ceilings. Tests for furniture fabrics, cables and electrical appliances are also reviewed. A final group of chapters discusses other types of test, particularly in the transport sector, including chapters on flammability testing for railway passenger cars, aircraft, road and rail tunnels.
Contents
Understanding materials flammability
Definition of flammability
Key aspects of flammability
Standardized bench-scale flammability tests
Standardized real-scale flammability tests
Customized flammability tests
Fire modeling as a complement to flammability testing
Future trends
References
Fundamental measurement techniques
Introduction
Temperature measurements
Heat flux
Mass
Pressure
Gas velocity
Gas flow rate
Light extinction
Gas analysis
Error and uncertainty of measurements
References
PART 1 FLAMMABILITY TESTS FOR BUILDINGS AND THEIR CONTENTS
Flammability of wood products
Introduction
New European classes for the reaction to fire performance of building products
Applications for different wood products
Test results for different wood products
Classification without further testing for wood products
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Flammability tests for external cladding on buildings
Introduction
Building regulations
Modelling external fire spread
Case studies of fires
Full-scale or intermediate-scale test methods for façades
Small- or bench-scale test methods used to classify external claddings
Performance in selected test methods
Conclusions
References
Fire hazard assessment of wall and ceiling fire spread in rooms
Introduction
Model basis and principles
Material properties
Determining flame spread and fire growth
Smoke development
Model verification
Conclusions
Nomenclature
References
Fire behaviour of sandwich panels
Description of Sandwich panels
Typical fire problems related to sandwich panels
Overview of major recent developed reaction to fire test methods
Overview of major test methods and approaches used by insurance companies
Recent research related to sandwich panels
Areas for further progress in testing of sandwich panels
References and bibliography.
Flammability tests for upholstered furniture and mattresses
Introduction
The role of upholstered furniture and mattresses in fires
Description of the burning behaviour of upholstered furniture
Standard test methods for upholstered furniture and mattresses
Modelling of furniture fires
Additional information
Nomenclature
References
Flammability tests for cables
Fire hazards related to cables
International standards for the fire performance of cables
The European Union requirements on cables
Some results of research projects related to cables
Areas for further development
Flammability tests for electrical appliances
Introduction
Fire statistics
Fire performance
Standardisation/regulation
Environmental considerations
References
PART 2 OTHER KINDS OF FLAMMABILITY TEST
Flammability tests for railway passenger cars
Introduction
United States flammability requirements
Canadian flammability requirements
European flammability requirements
Japanese and Chinese flammability requirements
Future trends
Sources of further information and advice
References
Fire testing in road and rail tunnels
Introduction
Overview of large-scale tunnel experiments
Description of large-scale tests
Summation of measured HRR data
Summation of the temperature data
Summation of flame length data
Conclusions
References
Flammability tests for aircraft
Introduction
FAA approvals for design and production of airplanes
FAA fire test requirements inside the fuselage
FAA fire test requirements outside the fuselage
Future FAA directions
References
Flammability testing in the mining sector
Introduction
Regulated materials for flammability
Definitions and terms
Technical aspects and criteria
Evaluated materials/products
Future applications/trends
Summary
Sources of information
References
Flammability tests for railway passenger cars
Introduction
Small scale testing
Tests on assemblies
Full scale tests
Future trends
References
Flammability tests for ships and submarines
Introduction
Ships
Submarines
Future trends
Summary
References
Tests for spontaneous ignition of solid materials
Introduction
Heat-based methods: isothermal and adiabatic calorimetry
Heat-based methods: differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
Heat-based methods: basket heating
Heat-based methods: Chen’s method
Heat-based methods: crossing-point temperature (CPT)
Non heat-based methods: thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
Non heat-based methods: oxygen consumption and generation of gaseous oxidation products
Non heat-based methods: generation of solid oxidation products
Advantages and disadvantages of the various test methods
Conclusions
Nomenclature
Reference
Price: £150.00 (Ex VAT)
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