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Biopolymers
Product Code: 1-85957-379-7
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Biopolymers
Rapra Review Report
Vol. 14, No. 3, Report 159, 2003
By R.M. Johnson, L.Y. Mwaikambo and N. Tucker, Warwick Manufacturing Group
Environmental degradation can involve enzymatic pathways and microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi, or chemical pathways such as hydrolysis. It is important that biopolymers have an adequate life span for applications - their biodegradability makes them ideal for use in resorbable medical products such as sutures, in short-term packaging applications for fast foods and fresh groceries, and for sanitary uses.
This review sets out to examine the current trends in biopolymer science. The different types of biological polymers are discussed. The chemistry and synthesis of some key biopolymers is described, including cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, polyhydroxyalkanoates (of bacterial origin), tannins (polyphenolic plant products), cashew nut shell liquid, rosins (from tree sap), lignin (from wood), and man made polylactides. Many other biopolymers are also being investigated, for example, alginates from seaweed and algae, and proteins such as casein and soybean. The abstracts at the end of this report cover an extensive range of materials and are fully indexed.
Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 Biopolymers
1.2 Biodisintegratables or Biodeteriorating Polymers
1.3 Biodegradability
1.4 Environmental Impact
1.5 Market Size
2. Synthesis of Biopolymers
2.1 Cellulose
2.2 Starch
2.3 Hemicellulose
2.4 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
2.5 Tannins
2.6 Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL)
2.6.1 The Structure of CNSL
2.6.2 Polymer Synthesis of CNSL
2.7 Rosins
2.8 Lignin
2.9 Polylactic Acids and Polylactides
2.10 Other
3. Commercially Available Biopolymers
4. Uses of Biopolymers
4.1 General Uses
4.2 Uses of Specific Polymer Types
5. Manufacturing Technologies for Biopolymers
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Manufacturing Methods
5.3 Additives
5.3.1 Plasticisers
5.3.2 Lubricants
5.3.3 Colourants
5.3.4 Flame Retardants
5.3.5 Blowing (Foaming) Agents
5.3.6 Crosslinkers
5.3.7 Fillers
6. Fillers and Reinforcement for Biopolymers
7.The Markets and Economics for Biopolymers
8.Compostability Certification
9.The Chemistry and Biology of Polymer Degradation
10.Conclusions
Additional References
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Price: £85.00 (Ex VAT)
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